(This hadith was also narrated to us by Muhammad ibn al-Muthanna and Ibn Bashshar. They said: Muhammad ibn Ja'far narrated to us that): Shu'ba narrated to us from Abu Ishaq with this chain of narration. However, the hadith of Mansur is more complete and longer. This hadith has been included by Bukhari in "Kitab al-Tahajjud" and "Kitab al-Tawhid"; by Abu Dawud in the chapters on "Prayer" and "Sunnah"; by Tirmidhi in the chapter on "Prayer"; by Nasai in "Kitab al-Nu'ut"; and by Ibn Majah in the chapter on "Prayer". "The hadith of Abu Hurayrah is an authentic hadith." He said. As can be understood from the narrations here, the descent of Allah to the lower heaven has been expressed in various ways. In the first narration, it is stated that it occurred when the last third of the night remained; in the second, when the first third had passed; in the third, when half or two-thirds had passed; in the fourth, when half or the last third had passed; and in the fifth, when the first third had passed. A reconciliation was found between these seemingly contradictory narrations as follows: Some hadith scholars, such as Tirmidhi, preferred the first narration and used the term "most authentic" for it. When one of the narrations is considered most authentic, the others remain authentic. Therefore, they are all correct. Iyad used the term "authentic" for the narration he preferred. This term implies that the remaining narrations are weak. However, Nawawi (631-676) rejected Qadi's statement, saying that Imam Muslim had transmitted the various narrations of the hadith with authentic chains of transmission. According to Nawawi, it is probable that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) mentioned one of the times in these narrations once and the other at another time; and that Abu Hurayrah heard all of them and narrated them. After transmitting this hadith, he mentioned Ali ibn Abi Talib, Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, Rifa'at al-Juhani, Jubayr ibn Mut'im, Ibn Mas'ud, Abu'd-Darda', and Uthman ibn Abi al-As, and besides them, Jabir ibn... He stated that there are also narrations from Abdi İlah, Ubâdetü'bnü's- Sâmit, Ukbetü'bnü Âmir, Amru'bnü Anbese, Ebû'l-Hattâb, Ebû Bekr-i Sıddîk, Enes b. Mâlik, Ebû Mûse'l-Eş'arî, Muâz b. Cebel, Ebû Sa'lebe, Âige, Ibn Abbâs and other companions, and he listed their hadiths as follows:

Ibn 'Aun reported:I wrote to Nafi' inquiring from him whether it was necessary to extend (to the disbelievers) an invitation to accept (Islam) before meeting them in fight. He wrote (in reply) to me that it was necessary in the early days of Islam. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) made a raid upon Banu Mustaliq while they were unaware and their cattle were having a drink at the water. He killed those who fought and imprisoned others. On that very day, he captured Juwairiya bint al-Harith. Nafi' said that this tradition was related to him by Abdullah b. Umar who (himself) was among the raiding troops

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Aun and the name of Juwairiya bint al-Harith was mentioned beyond any doubt

Sulaiman b. Buraida repotted on the authority of his father that when Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) sent an Amir with a detachment he called him and advised him. The rest of the hadith is the same

This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Shu'ba

It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Masa that when the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) deputed any of his Companions on a mission, he would say:Give tidings (to the people) ; do not create (in their minds) aversion (towards religion) ; show them leniency and do not be hard upon them

It has also been narrated by Sa'd b. Abu Burda through his father through his grandfather that the Prophet of Allah (ﷺ) sent him and Mu'adh (on a mission) to the Yemen, and said (by way of advising them):Show leniency (to the people) ; don't be hard upon them; give them glad tidings (of Divine favours in this world and the Hereafter) ; and do not create aversion. Work in collaboration and don't be divided

This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Buraida but for the last two words

The Messenger of Allah (may peace he upon him) has been reported by Anas b. Malik to have said:Show leniency; do not be hard; give solace and do not create aversion

It has been narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:When Allah will gather together, on the Day of Judgment, all the earlier and later generations of mankind, a flag will be raised (to mark off) every person guilty of breach of faith, and it will be announced that this is the perfidy of so and so, son of so and so (to attract the attention of people to his guilt)

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Ibn Umar through some other Chains of transmitters

This hadith has been narrated by another chain of transmitters on the authority of the same narrator, with the wording:Allah will set up a flag for every person guilty of breach of faith on the Day of Judgment, and it will be announced: Look, this is the perfidy of so and so

Ibn Umar reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) saying:There will be a flag for every perfidious person on the Day of Judgment

Abdullah reported Allah's Prophet (ﷺ) as saying:There will be a flag for every perfidious person on the Day of Judgment, and it would be said: Here is the perfidy of so and so

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Shu'ba with a slight variation of wording

It has been narrated on the authority of Abdullah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:There will be for every perfidious person on the Day of Judgment a flag by which he will be recognised. It will be announced: Here is the breach of faith of so and so

Anas reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) having said this:There would be a flag for every perfidious person on the Day of Judgment by which he will be recognised

It is narrated on the authority of Abu Sa'id that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:On the Day of Judgment there will be a flag fixed behind the buttocks of every person guilty of the breach of faith

It is narrated on the authority of Abu Sa'id that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:On the Day of Judgment there will be a flag for every person guilty of the breach of faith. It will be raised in proportion to the extent of his guilt; and there is no guilt of treachery more serious than the one committed by the ruler of men

It is narrated on the authority of Jabir that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:War is a stratagem

This hadith has also been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira

It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:Do not desire an encounter with the enemy; but when you encounter them, be firm

It is narrated by Abu Nadr that he learnt from a letter sent by a man from the Aslam tribe, who was a Companion of the Prophet (ﷺ) and whose name was 'Abdullah b. Abu Aufa, to 'Umar b. 'Ubaidullah when the latter marched upon Haruriyya (Khawarij) informing him that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) in one of those days when lie was confronting the enemy waited until the sun had declined. Then he stood up (to address the people) and said:O ye men, do not wish for an encounter with the enemy. Pray to Allah to grant you security; (but) when you (have to) encounter them exercise patience, and you should know that Paradise is under the shadows of the swords. Then the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) stood up (again) and said: O Allah. Revealer of the Book, Disperser of the clouds, Defeater of the hordes, put our enemy to rout and help us against them

It is narrated on the authority of Ibn Abu Aufa that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) cursed the tribes (who had marched upon Medina with a combined force in 5 H) and said:O Allah, Revealer of the Book, swift in (taking) account, put the tribes to rout. O Lord, defeat them and shake them

This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Ibn Abu Aufa with a slight variation of words

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Uyaina through another chain of transmitters (who added the words)" the Disperser of clouds" in his narration

It is narrated on the authority of Anas that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said on the day of the Battle of Uhud:O Allah, if Thou wilt (defeat Muslims), there will be none on the earth to worship Thee

It is narrated on the authority of 'Abdullah that a woman was found killed in one of the battles fought by the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). He disapproved of the killing of women and children

It is narrated by Ibn 'Umar that a woman was found killed in one of these battles; so the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade the killing of women and children

It is reported on the authority of Sa'b b. Jaththama that the Prophet of Allah (ﷺ), when asked about the women and children of the polytheists being killed during the night raid, said:They are from them

It is narrated by Sa'b b. Jaththama that he said (to the Holy Prophet):Messenger of Allah, we kill the children of the polytheists during the night raids. He said: They are from them

Sa'b b. Jaththama has narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) asked:What about the children of polytheists killed by the cavalry during the night raid? He said: They are from them

It is narrated on the authority of 'Abdullah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) ordered the date-palms of Banu Nadir to be burnt and cut. These palms were at Buwaira. Qutaibah and Ibn Rumh in their versions of the tradition have added:So Allah, the Glorious and Exalted, revealed the verse:" Whatever trees you have cut down or left standing on their trunks, it was with the permission of Allah so that He may disgrace the evil-doers" (lix)

It is narrated on the authority of Ibn Umar that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) caused the date-palms of Banu Nadir to be cut down and burnt. It is in this connection that Hassan (the poet) said:It was easy for the nobles of Quraish to burn Buwaira whose sparks were flying in all directions, in the same connection was revealed the Qur'anic verse:" Whatever trees you have cut down or left standing on their trunks

Abdullah b. Umar reported that Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) burnt the date-palms of Banu Nadir

It has been narrated by Abu Huraira that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:One of the Prophets made a holy war. He said to his followers: One who has married a woman and wants to consummate to his marriage but has not yet done so; another who has built a house but has not yet erected its roof; and another who has bought goats and pregnantshe-camels and is waiting for their offspring-will not accommpany me. So he marched on and approached a village at or about the time of the Asr prayers. He said to the sun: Thou art subserviant (to Allah) and so am I. O Allah, stop it for me a little. It was stopped for him until Allah granted him victory. The people gathered the spoils of war (at one place). A fire approached the spoils to devour them, but it did not devour them. He (the Holy Prophet) said: Some of you have been guilty of misappropriation. So one man from each tribe should swear fealty to me. The did so (putting their hands into his). The hand of one man stuck to his hand and the Prophet (ﷺ) said: Your tribe is guilty of misappropriation. Let all the members of your tribe swear fealty to me one by one. They did so, when the hands of two or three persons got stuck with his hand. He said: You have misappropriated. So they took out gold equal in volume to the head of a cow. They-placed it among the spoils on the earth. Then the fire approached the spoils and devoured them. The spoils of war were not made lawful for any people before us, This is because Allah saw our weakness and humility and made them lawful for us

A hadith has been narrated by Mus'ab b. Sa'd who heard it from his father as saying:My father took a sword from Khums and brought it to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said: Grant it to me. He refused. At this Allah revealed (the Qur'anic verse):" They ask thee concerning the spoils of war. Say: The spoils of war are for Allah and the Apostle" (viii)

A hadith has been narrated by Mus'ab b. Sa'd who heard it from his father as saying:" Four verses of the Qur'an have been revealed about me. I found a sword (among the spoils of war). It was brought to the Prophet (ﷺ). He (my father) said: Messenger of Allah, bestow it upon me. The Apostle of Allah (ﷺ) said: Place it there. Then he (my father) stood up and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to him: Place it from where you got it. (At this) he (my father) said again: Messenger of Allah, bestow it upon me Shall I be treated like one who has no share in (the booty)? The Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him said: Place it from where you got it. At this was revealed the verse:" They ask thee about the spoils of war.... Say: The spoils of war are for Allah and the Messenger)

It has been narrated on the authority of Ibn Umar that the Prophet (ﷺ) sent an expedition to Najd and I was among the troops. They got a large number of camels as a booty. Eleven or twelve camels fell to the lot of every fighter and each of them also got one extra camel

Ibn 'Umar reported that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) sent an expedition to Najd and Ibn Umar was also among the troops, and their share (of the spoils) came to twelve camels and they were given one camel over and above that. and Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) did not make any change in it

It has been narrated by Ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent an expedition to Najd, and I (also) went with the troops. We got camels and goats as spoils of war, and our share amounted to twelve camels per head, and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) gave an extra camel to each of us

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of 'Ubaidullah with the same chain of transmitters

Ibn Aun said:I wrote to Nafi' asking him about Nafl (spoils of war) and be wrote to me that Ibn 'Umar was among that expedition. (The rest of the hadith is the same)

A hadith has been narrated by Salim who learnt it from his father and said:The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) gave us an extra (camel) besides our share of Khums; (and in this extra share) I got a Sharif (and a Sharif is a big old camel)

Ibn Shihab reported:It reached me through Ibn Umar that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) gave a share of spoils to the troop. The rest of the hadith is the same

It has been narrated on the authority of Abdullah b. 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to give (from the spoils of war) to small troops seat on expeditions something more than the due share of each fighter in a large force. And Khums (one-fifth of the total spoils) was to be reserved (for Allah and His Apostle) in all cases

Abu Muammad al-Ansari, who was the close companion of Abu Qatada. narrated the hadith (which follows)

Abu Muhammad, the freed slave of Abu Qatada reported on the authority of Abu Qatda and narrated the hadith

Abu Qatada reported:We accompanied the Messenger of Allah (my peace be upon him) on an expedition in the year of the Battle of Hunain. When we encountered the enemy, (some of the Muslims turned back (in fear). I saw that a man from the polytheists overpowered one of the Muslims. I turned round and attacked him from behind giving a blow between his neck and shoulder. He turned towards me and grappled with me in such a way that I began to see death staring me in the face. Then death overtook him and left me alone. I joined 'Umar b. al-Khattab who was saying: What has happened to the people (that they are retreating)? I said: It is the Decree of Allah. Then the people returned. (The battle ended in a victory for the Muslims) and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sat down (to distribute the spoils of war). He said: One who has killed an enemy and can bring evidence to prove it will get his belongings. So I stood up and said: Who will give evidence for me? Then I sat down. Then he (the Holy Prophet) said like this. I stood up (again) and said: Who will bear witness for me? He (the Holy Prophet) made the same observation the third time, and I stood up (once again). Now the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: What has happened to you, O Abu Qatada? Then I related the (whole) story, to him. At this, one of the people said: He has told the truth. Messenger of Allah 1 The belongings of the enemy killed by him are with me. Persuade him to forgo his right (in my favour). (Objecting to this proposal) Abu Bakr said: BY Allah, this will not happen. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) will not like to deprive one of the lions from among the lions of Allah who fight in the cause of Allah and His Messenger and give thee his share of the booty. So the Messenger of Allah (may peace he upon him) said: He (Abu Bakr) has told the truth, and so give the belongings to him (Abu Qatada). So he gave them to me. I sold the armour (which was a part of my share of the booty) and bought with the sale proceeds a garden in the street of Banu Salama. This was the first property I acquired after embracing Islam. In a version of the hadith narrated by Laith, the words uttered by Abu Bakr are:" No, never! He will not give it to a fox from the Quraish leaving aside a lion from the lions of Allah among...." And the hadith is closed with the words:" The first property I acquired

It has been narrated on the authority of 'Abd al-Rahman b. Auf who said:While I was standing in the battle array on the Day of Badr, I looked towards my right and my left, and found myself between two boys from the Ansar quite young in age. I wished I were between stronger persons. One of them made a sign to me and. said: Uncle, do you recognise Abu Jahl? 1 said: Yes. What do you want to do with him, O my nephew? He said: I have been told that he abuses the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). By Allah, in Whose Hand is my life, if I see him (I will grapple with him) and will not leave him until one of us who is destined to die earlier is killed. The narrator said: I wondered at this. Then the other made a sign to me and said similar words. Soon after I saw Abu Jahl. He was moving about among men. I said to the two boys: Don't you see? He is the man you were inquiring about. (As soon as they heard this), they dashed towards him, struck him with their swords until he was killed. Then they returned to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and informed him (to this effect). He asked: Which of you has killed him? Each one of them said: I have killed him. He said: Have you wiped your swords? They said: No. He examined their swords and said: Both of you have killed him. He then decided that the belongings of Abu Jahl he handed over to Mu'adh b. Amr b. al-Jamuh. And the two boys were Mu'adh b. Amr b. Jawth and Mu'adh b. Afra