The Oath of Qasama
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2 Hadith
01
Muwatta Malik # 44/1596
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي لَيْلَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ رِجَالٌ، مِنْ كُبَرَاءِ قَوْمِهِ أَنَّ عَبْدَ، اللَّهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ وَمُحَيِّصَةَ خَرَجَا إِلَى خَيْبَرَ مِنْ جَهْدٍ أَصَابَهُمْ فَأُتِيَ مُحَيِّصَةُ فَأُخْبِرَ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ قَدْ قُتِلَ وَطُرِحَ فِي فَقِيرِ بِئْرٍ أَوْ عَيْنٍ فَأَتَى يَهُودَ فَقَالَ أَنْتُمْ وَاللَّهِ قَتَلْتُمُوهُ ‏.‏ فَقَالُوا وَاللَّهِ مَا قَتَلْنَاهُ ‏.‏ فَأَقْبَلَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ فَذَكَرَ لَهُمْ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ هُوَ وَأَخُوهُ حُوَيِّصَةُ وَهُوَ أَكْبَرُ مِنْهُ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ فَذَهَبَ مُحَيِّصَةُ لِيَتَكَلَّمَ وَهُوَ الَّذِي كَانَ بِخَيْبَرَ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏"‏ كَبِّرْ كَبِّرْ ‏"‏ يُرِيدُ السِّنَّ فَتَكَلَّمَ حُوَيِّصَةُ ثُمَّ تَكَلَّمَ مُحَيِّصَةُ ‏.‏ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏"‏ إِمَّا أَنْ يَدُوا صَاحِبَكُمْ وَإِمَّا أَنْ يُؤْذِنُوا بِحَرْبٍ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي ذَلِكَ فَكَتَبُوا إِنَّا وَاللَّهِ مَا قَتَلْنَاهُ ‏.‏ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم لِحُوَيِّصَةَ وَمُحَيِّصَةَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ‏"‏ أَتَحْلِفُونَ وَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ دَمَ صَاحِبِكُمْ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ فَقَالُوا لاَ ‏.‏ قَالَ ‏"‏ أَفَتَحْلِفُ لَكُمْ يَهُودُ ‏"‏ قَالُوا لَيْسُوا بِمُسْلِمِينَ ‏.‏ فَوَدَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم مِنْ عِنْدِهِ فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِمِائَةِ نَاقَةٍ حَتَّى أُدْخِلَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الدَّارَ ‏.‏ قَالَ سَهْلٌ لَقَدْ رَكَضَتْنِي مِنْهَا نَاقَةٌ حَمْرَاءُ ‏.‏
Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu Layla ibn Abdullah ibn Abd ar-Rahman ibn Sahl from Sahl ibn Abi Hathma that some of the great men of his people informed him that Abdullah ibn Sahl and Muhayyisa went out to Khaybar because extreme poverty had overtaken them. Muhayyisa returned and said that Abdullah ibn Sahl had been killed and thrown in a shallow well or spring. The jews came and he said, "By Allah! You have killed him." They said, "By Allah! We have not killed him!" Then he made for his people and mentioned that to them. Then he, his brother Huwayyisa, who was older than him, and Abd ar-Rahman, set out. Muhayyisa began to speak, as he had been at Khaybar. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to him, "The greater first, the greater first," meaning in age. So Huwayyisa spoke and then Muhayyisa spoke. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Either they pay your companion's blood-money or we will declare war against them." The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, wrote that to them and they wrote, "By Allah, we did not kill him!" The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to Huwayyisa, Muhayyisa, and Abd ar-Rahman, "Do you swear and claim the blood of your companion?" They said, "No." He said, "Shall the jews swear to you?" They said, "But they are not muslims." The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, gave blood-money from his own property, and sent them one hundred camels to their house. Sahl added, "A red camel among them kicked me
02
Muwatta Malik # 44/1597
قال يحيى؛ عن مالك، عن [يحيى بن سعيد]، عن [بوصير بن يسار] أنه أخبره أن عبد الله بن سهل الأنصاري ومحيشة بن مسعود خرجا إلى خيبر، فتفرقا في حاجتهما. حتى قُتل عبد الله بن سهل على يد أحدهم. فقدم محيشة (المدينة)، ثم مثل هو وإخوانه حويشة وعبد الرحمن بن سهل أمام النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم. بدأ عبد الرحمن الحديث لأنه شعر وكأنه شقيق الضحية. لكن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: "الكبيرة الكبيرة". ثم روى حويشة ومحيشة ما حدث لعبد الله بن سهل. فقال لهم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: "أتحلفون خمسين مرة، ويكون لكم حق في دماء أصحابكم؟" أجابوا؛ "يا رسول الله، لم نشهده ولا شهدنا ذلك الوقت". فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم مرة أخرى: "أيفلت اليهود منك بالحلف خمسين مرة؟" أجابوا؛ "يا رسول الله كيف نقبل يمين الكفار؟" وقال يحيى بن سعيد؛ "ثم قال بصير بن يسار أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أدى الدية من ماله."
Yahya said; from Malik from [Yahya bin Sa'id] from [Busyair bin Yasar] that he informed him that Abdullah bin Sahl Al Ansari and Muhaiyishah bin Mas'ud were leaving for Khaibar, they separated to meet their respective needs. Until finally Abdullah bin Sahl was killed by someone. So Muhayyishah came (to Medina), then he and his brothers Huwayyishah and 'Abdurrahman bin Sahl appeared before the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam. Abdurrahman, because he felt like he was the victim's brother, started the conversation. But Rasulullah sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam then said: "The big one, the big one." Then Huwaishah and Muhaiyishah told what happened to Abdullah bin Sahl. Rasulullah sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam asked them: "Will you swear fifty times and you will have the right to the blood of your friends?" They answered; "O Messenger of Allah, we did not witness it nor were we present at that time." Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam asked again: "Will the Jews escape from you by swearing fifty times!" They answered; "O Messenger of Allah, how can we accept the oath of the infidels?" Yahya bin Said said; "Then Busyair bin Yasar said that the Messenger of Allah sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam paid diyat from his wealth